A study recently found that deep-breathing exercises induce similar patterns of blood flow to the brain seen in patients using psychedelic substances like psilocybin.

This altered state of consciousness matched one first described by Freud, and was characterized by blissful feelings, positively experienced depersonalization, and the sensation of unity.

Breathing exercises like high-ventilation breathing or holotropic breathing have been growing in popularity as forms of neuromodulation that can combat overactive feelings of fear, stress, anxiety, and helplessness.

Exactly why these exercises, known collectively as breathwork, have such a profound, almost psychedelic effect in the brain however, is not known.

To that end, Amy Amla Kartar from Brighton and Sussex Medical School in the UK, designed a trial to study blood flows in and out of the brain during 20 to 30 minute breathwork sessions accompanied by music.

“Conducting this research was a fantastic experience,” Kartar told PLOS, where the paper on her experiment was published.

“It was thrilling to explore such a novel area—while many people anecdotally recognize the health benefits of breathwork, this style of fast-paced breathing has received very little scientific attention. We are very grateful to our participants for making this work possible.”

Kartar and her team, which included Dr. Alessandro Colossanti, the director of the Colossanti Laboratory for Clinical Neuroscience, where the experiment took place, analyzed self-reported data from 15 individuals who participated online, 8 individuals who participated in the lab, and 19 individuals who underwent magnetic resonance imaging.

Relaxing music was played at baseline, while progressively evocative music was played during breathwork sessions.

The results showed that the intensity of blissful, psychedelic experiences brought on by breathwork were proportional to cardiovascular sympathetic activation, as indicated by a decrease in heart rate variability.

In addition, these states were associated with a “profound” decrease in blood flow to the left operculum and posterior insula: brain regions implicated in representing the internal state of the body, including breathing. Additionally, large reductions in blood flow to the brain were observed, but there was a progressive increase in blood flow to the right amygdala and anterior hippocampus, which are brain regions involved in the processing of emotional memories.

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These blood flow changes correlate with those seen in the brains of patients undergoing psychedelic experiences, demonstrating that these alterations may underlie the positive effects of this breathwork.

During all experimental sessions, participants reported a reduction in fear and negative emotions, with no adverse reactions. In general, the reports matched with something the father of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud, described as “Oceanic Boundlessness,” associated with a blissful feeling of oneness, detachment, and spirituality.

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Music alone is not known to produce such profound states, and so the authors suggest that the findings be replicated with larger study groups with more focus into the musical content.

“Breathwork is a powerful yet natural tool for neuromodulation, working through the regulation of metabolism across the body and brain,” said Dr. Colossanti. “It holds tremendous promise as a transformative therapeutic intervention for conditions that are often both distressing and disabling.”

Not sure where to get started with breathwork? Popular health influencer Gray Brecka is something of a breathwork missionary, and this 9-minute excerpt from his podcast may be as good a place to start.

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